Maternal Underweight and Obesity and Risk of Orofacial Clefts in a Large International Consortium of Population-Based Studies

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Citation

Kutbi, Hebah; Wehby, George L.; Moreno Uribe, Lina M.; Romitti, Paul A.; Carmichael, Suzan L.; Shaw, Gary M.; Olshan, Andrew F.; DeRoo, Lisa A.; Rasmussen, Sonja A.; & Murray, Jeffrey C., et al. (2017). Maternal Underweight and Obesity and Risk of Orofacial Clefts in a Large International Consortium of Population-Based Studies. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(1), 190-199. PMCID: PMC5837498

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Evidence on association of maternal pre-pregnancy weight with risk of orofacial clefts is inconsistent.
METHODS: Six large case-control studies of orofacial clefts from Northern Europe and the USA were included in analyses pooling individual-level data. Cases included 4943 mothers of children with orofacial clefts (cleft lip only: 1135, cleft palate with cleft lip: 2081, cleft palate only: 1727) and controls included 10 592 mothers of unaffected children. Association of orofacial cleft risk with pre-pregnancy maternal weight classified by level of body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was evaluated using logistic regression adjusting for multiple covariates.
RESULTS: Cleft palate, both alone and with cleft lip (CP+/-CL), was associated with maternal class II+ pre-pregnancy obesity (>/= 35) compared with normal weight [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16, 1.58]. CP+/-CL was marginally associated with maternal underweight (aOR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.36). Cleft lip alone was not associated with BMI.
CONCLUSIONS: In this largest population-based study to date, we found an increased risk of cleft palate, with or without cleft lip, in class II+ obese mothers compared with normal-weight mothers; underweight mothers may also have an increased risk, but this requires further study. These results also suggest that extremes of weight may have a specific effect on palatal development.

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw035

Reference Type

Journal Article

Year Published

2017

Journal Title

International Journal of Epidemiology

Author(s)

Kutbi, Hebah
Wehby, George L.
Moreno Uribe, Lina M.
Romitti, Paul A.
Carmichael, Suzan L.
Shaw, Gary M.
Olshan, Andrew F.
DeRoo, Lisa A.
Rasmussen, Sonja A.
Murray, Jeffrey C.
Wilcox, Allen J.
Lie, Rolv T.
Munger, Ronald G.

PMCID

PMC5837498

ORCiD

Olshan - 0000-0001-9115-5128