Low Calorie- and Calorie-Sweetened Beverages: Diet Quality, Food Intake, and Purchase Patterns of US Household Consumers

Citation

Piernas, Carmen; Mendez, Michelle A.; Ng, Shu Wen; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; & Popkin, Barry M. (2014). Low Calorie- and Calorie-Sweetened Beverages: Diet Quality, Food Intake, and Purchase Patterns of US Household Consumers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 99(3), 567-577. PMCID: PMC3927690

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the diet quality of consumers of low-calorie-sweetened (LCS) and calorie-sweetened (CS) beverages.
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the dietary quality and adherence to dietary purchasing and consumption patterns of beverage consumers from 2000 to 2010.
DESIGN: We analyzed purchases for 140,352 households from the Homescan longitudinal data set 2000-2010 and dietary intake from NHANES 2003-2010 (n = 34,393). We defined mutually exclusive consumer profiles as main exposures: LCS beverages, CS beverages, LCS & CS beverages, and non/low consumers. As main outcomes, we explored dietary quality by using total energy and macronutrients (kcal/d). We performed factor analyses and applied factor scores to derive dietary patterns as secondary outcomes. Using multivariable linear (NHANES) and random-effects (Homescan) models, we investigated the associations between beverage profiles and dietary patterns.
RESULTS: We found "prudent" and "breakfast" patterns in Homescan and NHANES, "ready-to-eat meals/fast-food" and "prudent/snacks/LCS desserts" patterns in Homescan, and "protein/potatoes" and "CS desserts/sweeteners" patterns in NHANES. In both data sets, compared with non/low consumers, both CS and LCS beverage consumers had a significantly higher total energy from foods, higher energy from total and SFAs, and lower probability of adherence to prudent and breakfast patterns. In Homescan, LCS beverage consumers had a higher probability of adherence to 2 distinct patterns: a prudent/snacks/LCS dessert pattern and a ready-to-eat meals/fast-food purchasing pattern.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that overall dietary quality is lower in LCS, CS, and LCS & CS beverage consumers relative to non/low consumers. Our study highlights the importance of targeting foods that are linked with sweetened beverages (either LCS or CS) in intervention and policy efforts that aim to improve nutrition in the United States.

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.072132

Reference Type

Journal Article

Year Published

2014

Journal Title

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Author(s)

Piernas, Carmen
Mendez, Michelle A.
Ng, Shu Wen
Gordon-Larsen, Penny
Popkin, Barry M.

PMCID

PMC3927690

ORCiD

Gordon-Larsen - 0000-0001-5322-4188
Ng - 0000-0003-0582-110X
Popkin - 0000-0001-9495-9324
Piernas - 0000-0002-7536-922X