Citation
Pan, I-Jen; Daniels, Julie L.; Goldman, Barbara Davis; Herring, Amy H.; Siega-Riz, Anna Maria; & Rogan, Walter J. (2009). Lactational Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and Infant Neurodevelopment: An Analysis of the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Babies Study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(3), 488-494. PMCID: PMC2661922Abstract
BACKGROUND: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants which were broadly used in the US until the 1970s. Common exposure to PCBs, DDT, and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), the most stable metabolite of DDT, may influence children’s neurodevelopment, but study results are not consistent.OBJECTIVES: We examined the associations between lactational exposure to PCBs, DDT and DDE and infant development at 12 months using data from the Pregnancy, Infection and Nutrition Babies Study, 2004-2006.
METHODS: PCBs, DDT and DDE were measured in breast milk at the third month postpartum. Lactational exposure of these chemicals was estimated by the product of chemical concentrations and the duration of breastfeeding. Infant development at 12 months was measured by the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (n=231) and the Short Form: Level I (infant) of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Indices (CDI) (n=218).
RESULTS: No consistent associations were observed between lactational exposure to PCBs, DDT and DDE through the first 12 months and the measures of infant development. However, DDE was associated with scoring
URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800063Reference Type
Journal ArticleYear Published
2009Journal Title
Environmental Health PerspectivesAuthor(s)
Pan, I-JenDaniels, Julie L.
Goldman, Barbara Davis
Herring, Amy H.
Siega-Riz, Anna Maria
Rogan, Walter J.