“Does Skinny Mean Healthy?” Perceived Ideal, Current, and Healthy Body Sizes among African-American Girls and Their Female Caregivers

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Citation

Katz, Mira; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Bentley, Margaret E.; Kelsey, Kristine S.; Shields, Kenitra; & Ammerman, Alice S. (2004). "Does Skinny Mean Healthy?" Perceived Ideal, Current, and Healthy Body Sizes among African-American Girls and Their Female Caregivers. Ethnicity & Disease, 14(4), 533-541.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To qualitatively and quantitatively examine body image ideals and perceived weight-related health among African-American girls and their female caregivers to inform intervention development for Girls Rule!, an obesity prevention pilot program.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Formative study using qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and validated quantitative body image silhouette assessment among girls (N=47) and caregivers (N=44). The participants were a convenience sample of African-American church members from North Carolina. Differences were evaluated between perceived: 1) current and ideal body size; 2) current and unhealthy body size; and 3) ideal and unhealthy body size.
RESULTS: Thirty-seven percent of the girls and 77% of the caregivers were overweight or obese. Three body image themes emerged from the qualitative interviews: 1) being fat is unhealthy; 2) caregivers are role models (positive and negative) for body image ideals; and 3) smaller body size is important for wearing fashionable clothing. A series of 9 body silhouettes were used to assess perceptions of both girls and caregivers. Overall, both girls (2.9 +/- 1.4) and caregivers (4.4 +/- 1.4) ideal body size was significantly (P<.01) smaller than their current body size (3.7 +/- 1.3 girls; 6.3 +/- 2.2 caregivers). Both girls (3.7 +/- 1.4) and caregivers (6.7 +/- 2.0) indicated that their current body sizes were statistically significantly (P<.05) smaller that what they considered to be unhealthy (7.9 +/- 1.4 girls; 7.9 +/- 1.2 caregivers).
CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that most of these African-American participants were not satisfied with their current body size and desired a smaller body. At the same time, both girls and caregivers failed to recognize the potential health consequences associated with their current body size. Critical issues for designing obesity prevention programs include positive role modeling within the family and addressing the association of body size with health risk.

Reference Type

Journal Article

Year Published

2004

Journal Title

Ethnicity & Disease

Author(s)

Katz, Mira
Gordon-Larsen, Penny
Bentley, Margaret E.
Kelsey, Kristine S.
Shields, Kenitra
Ammerman, Alice S.

ORCiD

Gordon-Larsen - 0000-0001-5322-4188
Bentley - 0000-0002-1220-0208