Multiple Imputation to Account for Measurement Error in Marginal Structural Models

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Citation

Edwards, Jessie K.; Cole, Stephen R.; Westreich, Daniel; Crane, Heidi M.; Eron, Joseph J., Jr.; Mathews, W. Christopher; Moore, Richard D.; Boswell, Stephen L.; Lesko, Catherine R.; & Mugavero, Michael J. (2015). Multiple Imputation to Account for Measurement Error in Marginal Structural Models. Epidemiology, 26(5), 645-652. PMCID: PMC4638124

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Marginal structural models are an important tool for observational studies. These models typically assume that variables are measured without error. We describe a method to account for differential and nondifferential measurement error in a marginal structural model.
METHODS: We illustrate the method estimating the joint effects of antiretroviral therapy initiation and current smoking on all-cause mortality in a United States cohort of 12,290 patients with HIV followed for up to 5 years between 1998 and 2011. Smoking status was likely measured with error, but a subset of 3,686 patients who reported smoking status on separate questionnaires composed an internal validation subgroup. We compared a standard joint marginal structural model fit using inverse probability weights to a model that also accounted for misclassification of smoking status using multiple imputation.
RESULTS: In the standard analysis, current smoking was not associated with increased risk of mortality. After accounting for misclassification, current smoking without therapy was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.2 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.6, 2.3]). The HR for current smoking and therapy [0.4 (95% CI = 0.2, 0.7)] was similar to the HR for no smoking and therapy (0.4; 95% CI = 0.2, 0.6).
CONCLUSIONS: Multiple imputation can be used to account for measurement error in concert with methods for causal inference to strengthen results from observational studies.

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000330

Reference Type

Journal Article

Year Published

2015

Journal Title

Epidemiology

Author(s)

Edwards, Jessie K.
Cole, Stephen R.
Westreich, Daniel
Crane, Heidi M.
Eron, Joseph J., Jr.
Mathews, W. Christopher
Moore, Richard D.
Boswell, Stephen L.
Lesko, Catherine R.
Mugavero, Michael J.

Article Type

Regular

PMCID

PMC4638124

Data Set/Study

Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS)

Continent/Country

United States

State

Nonspecific

ORCiD

Edwards, J -0000-0002-1741-335X