Reactions to Graphic and Text Health Warnings for Cigarettes, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Alcohol: An Online Randomized Experiment of US Adults

Citation

Hall, Marissa G.; Grummon, Anna H.; Lazard, Allison J.; Maynard, Olivia M.; & Taillie, Lindsey Smith (2020). Reactions to Graphic and Text Health Warnings for Cigarettes, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Alcohol: An Online Randomized Experiment of US Adults. Preventive Medicine, 137, 106120. PMCID: PMC7713698

Abstract

We aimed to examine reactions to graphic versus text-only warnings among cigarette, SSB, and alcohol warnings. A convenience sample of US adults completed an online survey in 2018 (n = 1352 in the analytic sample). We randomly assigned participants to view a: 1) text-only warning without efficacy information (i.e., message intended to increase consumers' confidence in their ability to stop using the product), 2) text-only warning with efficacy information, 3) graphic warning without efficacy information, or 4) graphic warning with efficacy information. Participants viewed their assigned warning on cigarettes, SSBs, and alcohol, in a random order. Across product types, graphic warnings were perceived as more effective than text-only warnings (p < .001) and led to lower believability, greater reactance (i.e., resistance), more thinking about harms, and lower product appeal (all p < .05); policy support did not differ. Compared to SSB and alcohol warnings, cigarette warnings led to higher perceived message effectiveness, believability, fear, thinking about harms, policy support, and greater reductions in product appeal (all p < .05). The efficacy information did not influence any outcomes. Graphic warnings out-performed text-only warnings on key predictors of behavior despite causing more reactance.

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106120

Reference Type

Journal Article

Year Published

2020

Journal Title

Preventive Medicine

Author(s)

Hall, Marissa G.
Grummon, Anna H.
Lazard, Allison J.
Maynard, Olivia M.
Taillie, Lindsey Smith

Article Type

Regular

PMCID

PMC7713698

Continent/Country

United States of America

State

Nonspecific

ORCiD

Taillie - 0000-0002-4555-2525
Grummon - 0000-0002-8705-038X
Hall - 0000-0002-8690-9498