Citation
Richmond, Jennifer; Boynton, Marcella H.; Ozawa, Sachiko; Muessig, Kathryn E.; Cykert, Samuel; & Ribisl, Kurt M. (2022). Development and Validation of the Trust in My Doctor, Trust in Doctors in General, and Trust in the Health Care Team Scales. Social Science & Medicine, 298, 114827. PMCID: PMC9014823Abstract
RATIONALE: Historic and present-day racism and inequity in the United States (U.S.) have resulted in diminished trust in health care among many populations. A key barrier to improving trust in health care is a dearth of well-validated measures appropriate for diverse populations. Indeed, systematic reviews indicate a need to develop and test updated trust measures that are multidimensional and inclusive of relevant domains (e.g., fairness).OBJECTIVE: We developed three trust measures: the Trust in My Doctor (T-MD), Trust in Doctors in General (T-DiG), and Trust in the Health Care Team (T-HCT) scales.
METHODS: After developing an initial item pool, expert reviewers (n = 6) provided feedback on the face validity of each scale. We conducted cognitive interviews (n = 21) with a convenience sample of adults to ensure items were interpreted as intended. In 2020, we administered an online survey to a convenience sample of U.S. adults recruited through the Qualtrics Panel (n = 801) to assess scale reliability and validity.
RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated acceptable model fit for second order latent factor models for each scale (root mean square error of approximation: <0.07, comparative fit index: ≥0.98, and standardized root mean square residual: ≤0.03). The T-MD contained 25 items and six subscales: communication competency, fidelity, systems trust, confidentiality, fairness, and global trust. The T-DiG and T-HCT each contained 29 items and seven subscales (the same subscales in the T-MD plus an additional subscale related to stigma-based discrimination). Each scale was strongly correlated with existing trust measures and perceived racism in health care and was significantly associated with delayed health care seeking and receipt of a routine health exam.
CONCLUSIONS: The multidimensional T-MD, T-DiG, and T-HCT scales have sound psychometric properties and may be useful for researchers evaluating trust-related interventions or conducting studies where trust is an important construct or main outcome.
URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114827Reference Type
Journal ArticleYear Published
2022Journal Title
Social Science & MedicineAuthor(s)
Richmond, JenniferBoynton, Marcella H.
Ozawa, Sachiko
Muessig, Kathryn E.
Cykert, Samuel
Ribisl, Kurt M.