Citation
Francis, Diane B.; Hall, Marissa G.; Noar, Seth M.; Ribisl, Kurt M.; & Brewer, Noel T. (2017). Systematic Review of Measures Used in Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warning Experiments. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 19(10), 1127-1137. PMCID: PMC5896543Abstract
BACKGROUND: We sought to describe characteristics and psychometric properties of measures used in pictorial cigarette pack warning experiments and provide recommendations for future studies.METHODS: Our systematic review identified 68 pictorial cigarette pack warning experiments conducted between 2000 and 2016 in 22 countries. Two independent coders coded all studies on study features, including sample characteristics, theoretical framework, and constructs assessed. We also coded measurement characteristics, including construct, number of items, source, reliability, and validity.
RESULTS: We identified 278 measures representing 61 constructs. The most commonly assessed construct categories were warning reactions (62% of studies) and perceived effectiveness (60%). The most commonly used outcomes were affective reactions (35%), perceived likelihood of harm (22%), intention to quit smoking (22%), perceptions that warnings motivate people to quit smoking (18%), and credibility (16%). Only 4 studies assessed smoking behavior. More than half (54%) of all measures were single items. For multi-item measures, studies reported reliability data 68% of the time (mean
URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx082Reference Type
Journal ArticleYear Published
2017Journal Title
Nicotine & Tobacco ResearchAuthor(s)
Francis, Diane B.Hall, Marissa G.
Noar, Seth M.
Ribisl, Kurt M.
Brewer, Noel T.