Diet Quality, Inflammation, and the Ankle Brachial Index in Adults with or without Cardiometabolic Conditions

Citation

Mattei, Josiemer; Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela T.; Gellman, Marc D.; Castaneda, Sheila F.; Hu, Frank B.; Tucker, Katherine L.; Siega-Riz, Anna Maria; & Kaplan, Robert C. (2018). Diet Quality, Inflammation, and the Ankle Brachial Index in Adults with or without Cardiometabolic Conditions. Clinical Nutrition, 37(4), 1332-1339. PMCID: PMC5722708

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diet quality may influence non-traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors - namely, C-reactive protein (CRP) and the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Pre-existing traditional cardiometabolic conditions may confound this association. We aimed to determine whether diet quality was associated with high-risk CRP or ABI, independently from traditional cardiometabolic risk factors.
METHODS: Baseline data were analyzed from US-Hispanics/Latinos aged 18-74 y without previously-diagnosed CVD participating in the population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos cohort. Included were 14,623 participants with CRP data, and 7892 participants (>/=45 y) with ABI data. Diet quality was measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI).
RESULTS: Nearly 35% of Hispanics/Latinos had high-risk CRP concentration and 6.3% had high-risk ABI (peripheral artery disease (PAD): 4.2%; arterial stiffness: 2.1%). After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity, the odds (95% confidence interval) of having high-risk ABI were 37% (5, 44%) lower per 10-unit increase in AHEI (p = 0.018). The association was marginally significant for PAD (0.77 (0.58, 1.00); p = 0.05), and non-significant for arterial stiffness (p = 0.16). Each 10-unit increase in AHEI was associated with 21% (10, 30%) lower odds of high-risk CRP (p = 0.0002) after similar adjustments. There were no significant interactions between AHEI and age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, or pre-existing cardiometabolic conditions for associations with ABI. The association between AHEI and high-risk CRP was stronger for those with diabetes (p-interaction < 0.0001), obesity (p-interaction = 0.005), or ages 45-74 y (p-interaction = 0.011).
CONCLUSIONS: Higher diet quality is associated with lower inflammation and less adverse ABI among Hispanics/Latinos, independently from traditional cardiometabolic risk factors.

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.003

Reference Type

Journal Article

Year Published

2018

Journal Title

Clinical Nutrition

Author(s)

Mattei, Josiemer
Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela T.
Gellman, Marc D.
Castaneda, Sheila F.
Hu, Frank B.
Tucker, Katherine L.
Siega-Riz, Anna Maria
Kaplan, Robert C.

PMCID

PMC5722708

ORCiD

Siega-Riz - 0000-0002-1303-4248
Sotres-Alvarez - 0000-0002-3226-6140